#folateantagonist | #folicacid inhibitors | #sulfonamides & #trimethoprim mechanism of action (MOA)moa
In this tutorial we will discuss with you about the falat antagonists folic acid antagonists the folic acid synthesis inhibitors a single topic uh discussed by different names in different textbooks anyway came into the point in our today’s discussion we are going to discuss with you guys uh this particular topic in three very important points the point number
One will be what is folate we know about the folate or the folic acid what full it is actually we know about this and then we’ll talk about the synthesis how this follette or this folic acid is actually synthesized and in the third point we will talk about the mechanism of action of the folate antagonists folic acid and targonists or the folic acid synthesis
Inhibitors means we know the mechanism of action of the sulfonamides and trimethoprim in short so let’s proceed our discussion from the very first point that is the folate what is actually the follette folate is also known as folic acid okay this is actually a cofactor that is responsible to synthesize purine and pyrimidines so without for later folic acid the
Purines in paramedics won’t be synthesized very simple now let’s come towards the synthesis before we get right into the discussion of the synthesis we must know this very important point that humans cannot synthesize and bacteria can synthesize so then humans are responsible to take this folic acid in diet whereas bacteria they will synthesize it internally
And one very another important point that where we have a bacterium now this bacterium if it wants to synthesize the folic acid it cannot take the ingredients from the environment so you can see that folic acid cannot be synthesized by this bacteria from the external moieties so if folic acid is available already in the environment that cannot cross the membrane
Of the bacteria so like this we can say that the bacterial membrane is actually impermeable to the folic acid that’s why the bacteria is responsible the bacterium is responsible and the bacteria are responsible i’m telling you here by the singular plural okay anyway come to the point the bacteria are responsible to synthesize the folic acid inside internally now
Let’s come towards the point half the bacteria will synthesize this folic acid inside very simple there are two biomolecules available inside the bacterium if i’m talking about single bacteria okay here single bacterium okay we have bacteria and a singular is bacterium anyway come to the discussion these two particular molecules there are amino benzoic acid and
Territory these are responsible the very initial molecules biomolecules now this baba para amino benzoic acid will join will react with the pteridine after the erect by the help of an enzyme they will synthesize dihydroterroric acid then this dihydroterroric acid will be converted into dihydrofolate by mean of another enzyme here and again this dihydrophyllate
Which is also known as dihydrofoil like i said this is supposed to be converted into tetrahydrofolate or tetrahydrofolic acid by aminophyta inside now this tetrahydrofolate or folic acid is available and it is free to do its job means this tetrahydrofolate of folic acid will come and it will start its function to synthesize purine and pyrimidine it will take part
In the synthesis okay you can see so these are the co-factors that are available to do the synthesis of purines and paramarines so like this the purines and pyromarine synthesis is accomplished by this cofactor so this was the way half actually the folic acid is synthesized tetrahydrofolate or folic acid synthesized how which was the way we got the concept now
Now another point is that we must know about the enzymes also because our these sulfonymias and trimethoprim they are responsible to react on those particular enzyme the very first enzyme that is supposed to convert this paramount of benzoic acid intelligent into dihydroterroric acid now don’t confuse yourselves regarding this particular enzymes or this similar
Example just concentrate i’m going to make it very easy for you consider here dihydro at this lamb from this name you can remember this particular enzyme how like very simple now the enzyme is going to be dihydrothyroid synthesis very simple now this is dihydroterror concept this was synthesized by meaning of enzyme that enzyme is actually synthesizing zion just
Remember this one remember first parameter benzodiazepine tyradine you must remember these two biomolecules then it is very easy for you to remember rest of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the folic acid so the very first enzyme you can remember this enzyme from this particular uh product that is dihydroterroric terroric acid so dihydroterroric acid is
Synthesized by me of enzyme that is dihydroterrorist synthesis very simple now another enzyme here gets the same enzyme again from this name the next product very simple the product is which is also known as dihydrofolic acid now what is the specific enzyme that is going to synthesize this again it is synthesized so the enzyme will be synthesis which is synthesis
Enzyme very simple guess from the name die hydro folate synthesis very simple so this is the particular enzyme that is responsible to synthesize this dihydrofolate dihydrofolic acid now this the next enzyme the third enzyme that is a bit tricky so just concentrate now that’s going to be easy again now simple now here dihydropholate is going to be converted into
Tetrahydrofolate or tetrahydrofolic acid or simple folic acid so now this particular enzyme you must understand what is happening here then is then it’s going to be very easy for you to remember the name now here we have dihydrofolate means we have actually two hydrogen and that these are converted into tetrahydrofolate for hydrogen so now what happened here
Just the increase in the number of hydrogen now what is this particular mechanism called in chemistry just to memorize your past regarding chemistry point of view in chemistry if you grow the concept that in reduction oxygen are removed in reduction and hydrogen it is going to be added so in short according to reduction point of view reduction removal of oxygen
And addition of hydrogen is reduction so in biochemistry we got the concept that any enzyme which is responsible to aid hydrogen in a particular molecule in particular moieties that particular enzyme is known as reductase so a very single point reductase you must remember this now from this you are going to remember the complete name of the particular enzyme after
Lab you just got the concept that what happened from dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate now let’s come towards the name of this particular enzyme what that enzyme will be now for this enzyme you are supposed to concentrate this one dihydrofolate why because reductase is actually an enzyme that is gonna give you the idea about the very first thing just concentrate
Now i’m going to make it easy super easy now the enzyme here will be dihydrofolate reductase now why we named this one according to this do i the reason behind is very simple because reductase is going to reduce this dihydrofolate and this is supposed to add the hydrogen into this after the hydrogens are added then that will be formed then tetrahydrofolate or
Folic acid is synthesized very simple the very first enzyme is dihydroterrorism phase second is dihydro for late synthase and third one is dihydrofolate reductase which is going to reduce dihydro into tetra hydro means it’s going to add hydrogen in short now let’s come towards the second point the last point third point in which we are supposed to talk about
The sulfonamides and trimethoprim the mechanism of action of actually the folate or folic acid synthesis inhibitors the very first one symphomide this particular medication is supposed to interact with the dihydrothyroid synthase this enzyme now this will become substrate for this enzyme then what will happen then para a minor benzoic acid won’t interact with
Teradine means then dihydroterroric acid won’t be synthesized why because now this enzyme is having interaction with this medication this is enzyme and this is the substrate now this complex will not allow to do the synthesis of the uh dihydroterroric assert means in short you can see the folic acid synthesis is actually stopped then we have time method now
This has got a very interesting site that is the dihydro reductase now suppose if our bacteria have synthesized the dihydrofolate it has reached up till this position now here enzyme dihydro for late reductase is going to interact with the dihydrophyllate to synthesize tetrahydrofluid so now these trimethoprim will come and will interact with this enzyme after
The interaction then the dihydro won’t be converted into tetrahydro you can say the folic acid won’t be synthesized so the full efficiency is not in the synthesize then it is a cofactor so if the cofactor is not available and the point is obvious then our purines and paramarines won’t be synthesized now here we come with another interesting point that is really
Simple sometimes we indicate both medications in a single medicine that is actually having a brand name that is bacterium back trim now this contains both the sulfonamides and trimethoprim so now if you want a synergistic effect for that then we will indicate both the medications at once so if you want to indicate at once then you’re supposed to take a medicine
In which both are available that is the back stream for this we have another name that is actually core trimoxazole so these will actually provide if you indicate both at once they will give you a solidistic effect means effect in a very short time so that’s it from my side i hope you got and if still you have confusion drop that in the comment box and regarding
Synergism we have another video watch that also if you want extra and more information thank you
Transcribed from video
folate antagonist | folic acid inhibitors | sulfonamides & trimethoprim mechanism of action (MOA)moa By Dr UUT lectures doctor uut lectures druutlectures