Group B Streptococci or S. agalactiae.
Groobie set epoxy it’s also called as gbs are only one organism that is heterogenic to humans in this group a streptococcus is streptococcus agalactiae so group b strep aqaq see this group b strep epoxies scepter focus anal activate normally causes a severe form of infection in nearness in babies there is meningitis and pneumonia whereas in adults it can cause
Postpartum sepsis unary tract infections and it is a fatal jeju anaerobe organism that is catalase negative as step all septa corpus of cattle is negative this is also a streptococcus ii that’s why this cattle is negative it won’t produce any oxygen bubbles in hydrogen peroxide solution and this group specific carbohydrate antigen b is present on these organisms so
That’s why group b strep aqaq see it has group d specific antigen carbohydrate engine that is lancefield antigen it is beta hemolytic in nature it has human license so you can see beta hemolysis on blood agar culture medium it is hippy a positive in hippolyte solution it can hydrolyze this hippy rate to produce benzoic acid and glycine so it is hippie rate positive
It is camp positive camp positive is not the cyclic amp e the camp positivism is the cab tester is the name comes from the scientists who started invented this test called christine acting units at peterson that’s my cab test it is not cyclic amp ii in this camp test also it’s positive the camp test always refers as whenever the step staff various colonies of
Present whenever you inoculate these organism groupies septic oxy adjacent to the staff various families and blood agar you can see more betta humanizes that’s what we will call as a cam factor so the cam factor is positive in group a streptococcus it is one of the diagnostic tool were identifying the group a streptococcus e it is bacitracin resistance whenever it
Is compared with the group a streptococcus in streptococcus pyogenes this organism is resistant whereas group a streptococcus e is bacitracin sensitive in bacitracin containing media the group a streptococcus e will grow comfortably whereas group a streptococcus e are not resistant they won’t grow in bacitracin containing medium and these organisms are capsulated
With polycarp our polysaccharide capsule especially the third zero type for this caps of the three zero type c the track 3 is more virulent in causing meningitis and pneumonia in babies and it is higher incidence rate of meningitis you can see from these bacterias from this bacterium that’s why it is called as most common cause of bacterial meningitis in neonates
So this is the camp factor test of cap test so in this camp as you can see this picture here this is a blood agar culture paid petri dish on this plate you can see the stat various colonies whenever these tag various colonies are present whenever you natural ate some small group b strep the boxes you can see you can see an extinction of beta hemolysis extinction of
Beta nebulizers increased amount of beta haemorrhage is adjacent to the stack various these are ruby streptococcus colonies but these group a streptococcus congees whenever they’re near it to the stand various you can see the more humanizes of bread blood cells occurs in this areas so that’s what we’ll call it as can factor the beta hemolysis increases by group a
Streptococcus whenever they are present nearer to the staff various organisms whereas if you see group e except the coco’s entire organisms are peta humilated west here they’re very thin bit intimidating but here they can produce a very prominent beta hemolytic colonies near to the staff fairies they enhance the zone of hemolysis so there’s hippy rate death there’s
A hypnotist in spirit is a crystal clear liquid so if you take a complete liquid in one test tube if we add these organisms to this test tube consists of cpas enzyme so these hippie rays will be high drama hydrolyzed by these group a streptococcus to make benzoic acid and glycine whenever this glycine is produced if the organisms are producing glycine in these
Just in this test they’ll also add ninhydrin whenever we add ninhydrin in hydra across reacts with glycine and that cross reaction lead to cause a color change in this separate liquid hippie red liquid so we can call this color change whenever an organism is heating it positive so that organism has to break hydrolyze the hipaa rate in to benzoic acid and glycine
Whenever the glycine is produced if it cross reacts with ninhydrin you can see the color change so if you see the color change in hippolyte test that resembles that it is separate positive very few organisms are keeping it positive like group a streptococcus and campylobacter which is most common cause of decently in humans and this is hipaa date negative there is
No color change that means the organism which are inoculated here they can’t hydrolyze this period so using into benzoic acid and glycine so glice is not produced here so there is no color chain here the glycine is produced by hydrolysis of appearance so you can see the purple colorless epidemiology these organisms are seen in upper respiratory tract and genital
Urinary tract so in newborn infection always the new ones are more prone to have this infection to birth canal from mother to child whenever through normal deliveries the babies will get this infection from the general track of the mothers so most of 25% of the pregnant women are positive for this organisms in the genital areas so these are the things these are
The susceptible condition which can lead to cause infection in babies to birth canal delivery is a premature membrane rupture a prolonged labor a preterm birth can always have a chance of getting this infection to the babies newborn infections so in women they always have a chance of getting postpartum sepsis after the delivery they always have a chance of getting
Infection septicemia in man and woman always you can expect to see urinary tract infection by these organisms whereas the meningitis is especially predominant by the zero time group three capsule on antigen zero type of organisms are most commonly causes meningitis so this is the number one cause of bacterial meningitis causing organism in units and the organ
Is of the exact zero type this group three capsular antigen zero type is the specific organism which is high number in causing meningitis coming to the pathogenesis so pathogenesis mainly occurs because of capsular polysaccharide capsule especially the third serotype capsule or third zero type and it’s hydra lytic enzymes like chemo license which can damage the
Tissues these are the two prominent virulence factors which can lead to caused the damage you’re causing infection in humans clinical conditions we can see neonatal meningitis this organism can lead to cause neonatal meningitis is the one of the most common cause of meningitis in babies it can cause pneumonia neonatal pneumonia septicemia postpartum sepsis urinary
Tract infection in both a man and woman and endometritis especially occurs after the delivery in woman so clinical features here is the animated version of clinical feature representation this organism can cause meningitis in babies neonates so whenever it causes meningitis in that babies you can see fever high fever poor feeding irritability we can expect to see
Bulging frightened ella and if it is untreated it can lead to seizures and death so in these patients in blood samples and csf samples you can see increased number of pm emselves you can see a slightly elevated protein levels and decrease glucose levels glucose levels so that indicates it is specifically caused by a bacterial organism that is group b streptococcus
Especially in babies who are having low immune system and it can also cause pneumonia when ever during delivery during normal delivery to birth canal whenever the genital secretions the genital secretions enters into the respiratory tract of babies that can lead to cause pneumonia so in pneumonia the babies will have a fever chills cough starting they will have
Dry cough later on it will become into a plural length one pleural effusion and accumulation of fluid around inside the pleural membranes in the pleural cavity through space and we can see consolidation fluid filled lines and ultimately whenever you take an x-ray you can see infiltration says the lung chest x-rays they can cause septicemia whenever these organisms
Enters into the bloodstream they can cause septicemia with fever mellie is myalgia anorexia septicemia and nettles you can see postpartum sepsis after the delivery they can have the females will have a septicemia postpartum sepsis sepsis uti urinary tract infections both males and females are susceptible for this and the met rightists endometrium will get inflamed
Because of this organism entry into the tissues can lead to call in the cause endometritis so coming to the diagnosis so we can diagnose by taking the specimens from csf and blood you can expect to see this organisms in black you can see the increased number of pmn cells neutrophils you can see slight increased levels of protein and decrease glucose levels that
Indicates the bacterial infection camp positiveness on culture media’s you can specifically see the enhanced human id carriers by adding these organisms adjacent to the staff various organisms there he period positive these organism can finalize he pee right into benzoic acid and glycine so you can see by adding in hydrate you can see the color change in the hip
Urine test back sufficient resistance they grow in presence of vasopressin in the culture media when compared to group a streptococcus ii their capsular antigen polysaccharide capsule you can observe this polysaccharide capsule with in earring test so the treatment we can treat group b strep epoxy or septic aqua see a agalactiae by pencil in g pencil in is a drug
Of choice in people who are sensitive to pencil and we can also give vancomycin to these patients
Transcribed from video
Group B Streptococci or Streptococcus Agalactia By Parachuru Venkata Aravind